雅思阅读|教你快准狠地找到“同义替换”

雅思阅读考试要求考生在60分钟内完成三篇文章，并且文章长度在两千到三千字。因此，想要在雅思阅读中取得高分，考生需要熟练地掌握阅读的核心技巧，在考场中快速阅读并且精准作答。

“同义替换” (Paraphrase) 是雅思阅读中最核心的技能，只有掌握了同义替换，考生才能在60分钟之内快准狠地完成40道雅思阅读题目。本文对 “同义替换”方式进行了分类总结，希望各位考生在熟知这几类替换方式后能够加以运用，帮助在阅读过程中的定位和替换。

在雅思阅读中，同义替换有四种典型的方式：

1.同义词之间的替换

Example:  Cambridge7 Test 1

题目：Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation systems.
原文：Food production has kept face with soaring population mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation system that make possible the growth of 40% of the world’s food.

分析：此题出现的同义词替换包括：
feeding → food production
due primarily to→mainly because of
improved irrigation systems→the expansion of artificial irrigation system.
《剑桥雅思》中还出现过很多典型的同义词替换：
change → shift / revision
metropolitan → city
overstate → exaggerate
expert → scientist / specialists
target → goal
decrease→ crash / halve
comments → feedback
hard to find → elusive
like → resemble

2. 同根词词性的替换

Example：Cambridge7 Test 3

题目：They use their own natural secret antibiotics as weed-killers and also use unwanted materials as fertilizers.
原文：Farmer ants secrete antibiotics to control other fungi that might act as ’weeds’, and spread waste to fertilize the crop.

分析：此题中出现的同根词词性替换包括：
secrete antibiotics → secretion
fertilizer → fertilize.

3. 否定加反义词之间的替换

Example：Cambridge8 Test 3

题目：In principle, it is possible for a biological system to become older without ageing.
  原文：Thus ageing and death should not be seen as inevitable, particularly as the organism possesses many mechanism for repair.

分析：题干中possible是原文not inevitable的否定加反义替换。
《剑桥雅思》中还出现过很多典型的否定加反义词替换：
downward → not rising
not traditional → radical new approaches
with no rain at all →droughts

4. 上下义词的替换

所谓上下义，是指替换的词语之间通常有一种从属关系。题目中给的是一个具有属性或者是表示概念的词语，而在原文中出现的替换词却是一个具体或者是细节的信息，此类替换考察的是考生对这两者之间从属关系的配对。

Example:  Cambridge6-Test 3

题目：Studies show drugs available today can delay the process of growing old.
原文：As researchers on aging noted recently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging—the build-up of molecular and cellular damage that increases vulnerability to infirmity as we get older.

分 析：原文中treatment即为题干中drugs的上义词。

近年来，雅思阅读考题的变化无穷，阅读的难度逐年提高。很多考生抱怨明明读懂了文章和题目，却仍然无法找到正确的答案，这其中真正的原因是许多考生们没有掌握雅思阅读的核心技能同义替换。
熟悉以上的四种替换原则，在原文中寻找这些替换表达，即可快准狠地完成定位和答题。